Panenteisme Dalam Pemikiran Barat dan Islam
Keywords:
Panenteisme, Metafisika, Ontologis., Teologi Proses, Transenden, Immanen
Abstract
Among themes in the studies about God is about problem of existential relationship between God, humans, and nature. The problem has spawned various perspectives, either normative-theological or metaphysical-ontological. Panentheism which is included in the second perspective is a concept that emphasizes the divinity of all in God, not all is God as in the view of pantheism. This paper aims to examine the concept of panentheism by comparing its views developed in the West with those in Islam. West panentheism, as developed by Whitehead, views God as an infinite conceptual reality of absolute possibilities. His existence is not a creation, but He exists with all creations. While in Islamic panentheism, as stated by Iqbal, human pantheistic experience with God does not vanish human ego, but human ego even will be more authentic and powerful as it is in the Lord. He rejects pantheism view that all is God.
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Charles Hartshorne and William L. Reese (ed.), Philosophers Speak of God (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953).
Charles Hartshorne dan William Reese, Philosophers Speak of God (Chicago-London: The University of Chicago Press, 1976).
Dorothy Emmett, “Whitehead and Alexander”, Process Studies, vol. III (1993).
Frank Thilly, A History of Philosophy (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1957).
George Ritzer, Modern Sociological Theory (Singapura: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1996).
Hendrikus Berkhof, Christian Faith: An Introduction to the Study of the Faith (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1986).
Http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441190/panenteisme, diakses pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2009.
John B. Cobb Jr. and David Ray Griffin, Process Theology: An Introductory Exposition (Westminster John Knox Press, 1977).
___________, A Christian Natural Theology, Based on the Thought of Alfred North Whitehead (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1965).
John W. Cooper, Panenteism The Other God of the Philosophers: From Plato to the Present (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006).
___________, Panenteism: The Other God of the Philosophers (Baker Academic, 2006).
Jurgen Moltmann, The Crucified God (Evanston, IL: Harper and Row, 1974).
K.G. Saiyidin, Percikan Filsafat Iqbal Mengenai Pendidikan, ter. M. I. Soelaeman (Bandung: Diponegoro, 1981).
Khozin Affandi, Fenomenologi:Pemahaman Awal Pikiran-pikiran Edmund Husserl (Surabaya: eLKAF, 2007).
Lewis Ford (ed.), Two Process Philosophers: Hartshorne's Encounter with Whitehead (Tuhanassee, FL: American Academy of Religion, 1973).
Lydia Alix Fillingham, Foucault Untuk Pemula (Jogjakarta: Kanisius, 2001).
M. Iqbal, The Recontruction of Religious Thought in Islam (New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 1981).
Majid Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983).
Martin Buber, I and Thou (Edinburgh, 1970).
Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality (New York: Vintage Books, A Division of Random House Inc. 1990).
Norman L. Geisler dan William Watkins, Perspectives Understanding and Evaluating Today’s Views (California: Here’s Life Publisher, Inc., 1984).
Paul Davies, “Teleology without Teleology: Purpose through Emergent Complexity”, dalam In Whom We Live and Move and Have Our Being, ed. P. Clayton and A. Peacocke (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2004).
Philip Clayton and Arthur Peacocke (ed.), 2004a, In Whom We Live and Move and Have Our Being: Panenteistic Reflections on God's Presence in a Scientific World (New York: Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2004a).
Philip Clayton, “God and World”, dalam The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology, ed. Kevin J. Vanhoozer (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
R.Totten,http://www.geocities.com/worldview_3/panenteisme.html. Diakses pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2009.
Sheed’s, Dogmatic Theology, vol. I-III (USA: Thomas Nelson Publisher, 1980).
Suhermanto Ja’far, Konsep Metafisika Moh. Iqbal (Jakarta: Tesis PPS Filsafat UI, 2003).
Theodore de Boer, The Development of Husserl’s Thought (London: Trans. Mortinus Nijhhoff, 1978).
Published
2010-06-30
How to Cite
Ja’far, S. (2010). Panenteisme Dalam Pemikiran Barat dan Islam. Ulumuna, 14(1), 39-62. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v14i1.227
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