Indigenous Islamic Multiculturalism: Interreligious Relations in Rural East Java, Indonesia
Abstract
This research-based article discusses interreligious relations and religious believers’ views as determining forms of interreligious relations. It chose a village in a rural area as the research locus, namely Sukoreno, Jember Regency, East Java Province. This village has four religious communities (Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Catholicism) and one mysticism community (Sapta Darma). So far, they have displayed a peaceful-productive relationship amid the cultural diversities, especially religious differences. This is interesting in Indonesia's current situation, which is often plagued by religious conflicts. It is also important in the context of multiculturalism discourse, which tends to be urban-biased and its enrichment in an Islamic perspective. Therefore, this study explores forms of interreligious relations and how the Sukoreno community uses them as cultural energy to build social cohesion. From an Islamic perspective, the findings can be used as a pilot model for multicultural Indonesian society, both in rural areas and urban areas, where demographically, the majority of citizens are Muslims. Moreover, interreligious relations in Sukoreno can prove that Indonesian people have the cultural wealth to build their own multiculturalism, rooted in the cultural treasures of their own locality, indigenous Islamic multiculturalism.
References
‘Abd al-Khāliq, Farīd. Fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī: Mabādi’ Dustūriyyat. Egypt: Dār al-Shurūq, 1968.
Aguilar, Mario I. “Religion as Culture or Culture as Religion? The Status Quaestionis of Ritual and Performance”, Culture and Religion – An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 2 (2000): 233-245.
Al Qurtuby, Sumanto. “Reconciliation from Below: Indonesia’s Religious Conflict and Grassroots Agency for Peace”, Peace Research – The Canadian Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, Vol. 44/45, no. 2/1 (2012/2013): 135-162.
Alpino, Matteo and Halvor Mehlum. “Two Notions of Social Capital”, Journal of Mathematical Sociology, Vol. 47, Issue 4 (2023): 255-282.
Ambrosini, Maurizio and Paolo Boccagni. “Urban Multiculturalism beyond the ‘Backlash’: New Discourse and Different Practices in Immigrant Policies across European Cities”, Journal of Intercultural Studies, Vol. 36, Issue 1 (2015): 35-53.
Arkoun, Mohammed. Rethinking Islam: Common Questions, Uncommon Answers, trans. Robert D. Lee. New York: Routledge, 2019.
al-Bannā, Jamāl. Al-Ta‘adudiyyah fī al- Mujtama‘ al-Islāmī. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
al-Bāqī, Muḥammad Fu’ād ‘Abd. Al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li Alfāzh al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Qāhirah: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2001.
Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Teori & Praktik, trans. Nurhadi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana, 2004.
Bekker, Simon and Anne Leildé. “Is Multiculturalism a Workable Policy in South Africa,” International Journal on Multicultural Societies, Vol. 5, no. 2 (2003): 119-134.
Belleri, Delia. “On Pluralism and Conceptual Engineering : Introduction and Overview”, Inquiry – An Interdiciplinary Journal of Philosophy (2021).
Bissoondath, Neil. Selling Illusions: The Myth of Multiculturalism. Toronto: Penguin, 2002.
Blum, Lawrence. “Three Educational Values for a Multicultural Society: Difference Recognition, National Cohesion, and Equality”, Journal of Moral Education, Vol. 43, no. 3 (2014): 332-344.
Br, Rosadi. “The Harmonization of Diversity and Interreligious Dialogue in Sukoreno Village Jember”, International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 2 (2018): 11-19.
Chaturvendi, Vinayak, ed. Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial. London: Verso-New Left Review, 2012.
Erningtyas, Tamarin and Ahmad Arif Widianto. “Toleransi Antarumat Beragama dan Relasinya terhadap Pemeliharaan Kebudayaan Masyarakat Desa Pancasila, Sukoreno, Umbulsari, Jember”, Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, Vol. 1, no. 2 (2021): 142-150.
Erricker, Clive. “Pendekatan Fenomenologis”, in Aneka Pendekatan Studi Agama, ed. Peter Connolly, trans. Imam Khoiri (Jogjakarta: LKíS, 2002), 105-146.
Goldberg, David Theo, ed. Multiculturalism: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
Guilherma, Manuela and Gunther Dietz. “Difference in Diversity: Multiple Perspectives on Multicultural, Intercultural, and Transcultural Conceptual Complexities”, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (2015): 1-21.
Halse, Christine. “Building a Collective Multicultural Consciousness”, Multicultural Education Review, Vol. 14, Issue 1 (2022): 1-12.
Hasan, Moh. Abdul Kholiq. “Interfaith Tolerance and Its Relevance to the Indonesian Diversity: A Study on Ibn ʿĀshūr’s al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr”, Ulumuna , Vol. 22, no. 2 (2018): 333-362.
Hasani, Ismail, ed. Submissive to Mass Judgment: State's Justification in Prosecuting Freedom of Religion and Belief. Jakarta: SETARA Institute, 2007.
Hindman, Douglas Blanks & Masahiro Yamamoto. “Social Capital in a Community Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Individual- and Community-Level Predictors of Social Trust”, Mass Communication and Society, Vol. 14, Issue 6 (2011): 838-856.
Hishām, ‘Abd al-Mālik ibn. Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyah, Vol. I & II. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ wa al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1997.
Holman, Joanna & Dharmalingam Arunachalam. “Representing Harmony and Diversity: Media Representations of Multiculturalism and Ethnicity in Singapore”, Journal of Asian Ethnicity, Vol. 16, Issue 4 (2015): 498-515.
Hoon, Chang-Yau. “Putting Religion into Multiculturalism: Conceptualizing Religious Multiculturalism in Indonesia”, Journal of Asian Studies Review, Vol. 41, Issue 3 (2017): 476-493.
Huntington, Samuel P. “The Clash of Civilization?”, Foreign Affairs (Summer, 1993): 22-49.
Hussain, Amir. “Muslims, Pluralism, and Interfaith Dialogue”, in Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism, ed. Omid Safi (Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications, 2005), 251- 269.
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Freedom, Equality, and Justice in Islam. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, 2002.
Kathīr, Ibn. al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, Vol. IV. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1992.
Khoirnafiya, Siti. “Marginal Communities and Their White Kebaya: Penghayat of Sapta Darma and The Purity Discourse in Jakarta”, Jurnal Antropologi, Vol. 22, no. 02 (December 2020): 178-186.
Kymlicka, Will. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 1995.
Liliweri, Alo. Makna Budaya dalam Komunikasi Antarbudaya. Yogyakarta: LKíS Yogyakarta, 2003.
Mahajan, Gurpreet. Rethinking Multiculturalism, https://www.india-seminar.com/1999/484/484%20mahajan.htm.
Muzaki, Muhamad Arbak. “Alasan Partisipasi Umat Muslim terhadap Upacara Ogoh-ogoh Umat Hindu pada Masyarakat Desa Sukoreno Kecamatan Umbulsari Kabupaten Jember”, Thesis, The Study Program of Sociology at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Jember (2015).
Nieto, Sonia. Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education. New York: Longman, 1992.
Owen, David. “Of Acknowledgment, Manners and Multicultural Democratic Society”, Journal of Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 46, Issue 3 (2023): 495-501.
Pande, Dhruv and Munmun Jha. “Cultural Identity and Human Rights: Minority Claims, Ethnic Identity and Group Rights”, Open Journal of Political Science, Vol. 6, No. 4 (2016): 351-362.
Parekh, Bikhu. “National Culture and Multiculturalism”, in Media and Cultural Regulation, ed. Kenneth Thomson (London: Sage Publications, 1997).
---------. Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. London: Red Globe Press, 2005.
Parry, Jim. “Sport, Universals, and Multiculturalism”, in Concepts of Culture: Art, Politcs, and Society, ed. Adam Muller (Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 2005), 265-90.
Pisco, Michael Paolo Romero. “Transnational Urban Planning in the Multicultural City: An Analysis of Diversity Beyond Ethnoculturalism”, Major Paper, Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada (September 2018): 57-64.
Portes, Alejandro and Erik Vickstrom. “Diversity, Social Capital and Cohesion,” Annual Review of Sociology , Vol. 37 (2011): 461-479.
Regus, Maksimus. “Interreligious Conflicts in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: Assumptions, Causes, and Implications”, Jurnal Politik, Vol. 5, no. 2 (February 2020): 199-219.
Roland Johansson, Thomas. “In Defense of Multiculturalism: Theoretical Challenges”, International Review of Sociology (2022): 1-15.
Sa‘ad, Ibn. Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā, Vol. I. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1960.
Safi, Louay. The Foundation of Knowledge: A Comparative Study in Islamic and Western Methods of Inquiry. Washington: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014.
Sakalauskas, Leonidas, Vytautas Dulskis, Rimvydas Lauzikas, Arunas Miliauskas & Darius Plikynas. “A Probabilistic Model of the Impact of Cultural Participation on Social Capital”, Journal of Mathematical Sociology, Vol. 45, Issue 2 (2021): 65-78.
Shihab, M. Quraish. Wawasan Al-Quran: Tafsir Maudhu’i atas Pelbagai Persoalan Umat. Bandung: Mizan, 1996.
Spencer, Vicki A. “Introduction to Dialogue: Revisiting the Politics of Recognition”, Journal of Politics, Groups, and Identities, Vol. 8, Issue 5 (2020): 1043-1046.
Spivak, Gayatri. The Spivak Reader: Selected Works of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. New York: Routledge, 1996.
Suparlan, Parsudi. “Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia yang Multikultural”, Paper at the 3rd Bali International Symposium of Jurnal Antopologi Indonesia, Denpasar Bali, 16-21 July 2002.
---------. “Multikulturalisme sebagai Modal Dasar bagi Aktualisasi Kesejahteraan Rakyat Indonesia”, Paper, Sarasehan Nasional: Menghidupkan dan Memantapkan Multikulturalisme sebagai Modal untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Indonesia, Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat and UIN Syahid Jakarta, September 8, 2004.
Taylor, Charles. Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Team Members of BPS-Statistics. Umbulsari Subdistrict in Figures 2022. Jember: BPS-Statistics of Jember Regency, 2022.
Umam, Fawaizul. Kala Beragama Tak Lagi Merdeka: Majelis Ulama Indonesia dalam Praksis Kebebasan Beragama. Jakarta: Prenadamedia, 2015.
Watson, Sophie. “Making multiculturalism”, Journal of Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 40, Issue 15 (2017): 2635-2652.
Weinschenk, Aaron C. & Christopher T. Dawes. “The Genetic and Psychological Underpinnings of Generalized Social Trust”, Journal of Trust Research , Vol. 9, Issue 1 (2019): 47-65.
Woldeab, Daniel, Robert M. Yawson and Irina M. Woldeab, “Re-examining the Philosophical Underpinnings of the Melting Pot vs. Multiculturalism in the Current Immigration Debate in the United States,” in Harnessing Analytics for Enhancing Healthcare & Business, Proceedings of the 50th Northeast Decision Sciences Institute (NEDSI) Annual Meeting (2021): 264-285, DOI: 10.31124/advance.14749101.v1
“Desa Sukoreno Didapuk Menjadi Desa Pancasila”, https://warnaindonesia-news.com/desa-sukoreno-didapuk-jadi-desa-pancasila/.
“MUI: 2013, Lima Konflik Keagamaan Terjadi di Jember”, https://regional.kompas. com/read/2013 /12/02/2202341 /MUI.2013. Lima. Religious.Conflict.Happened.Jember
“Sejarah Desa Sukoreno” https://desasukoreno.wordpress.com /histori-desa/
Fulltext PDF downloaded: 423
Copyright (c) 2023 Ulumuna

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.