Teologi Liberalisme: Antara Cita-Cita dan Realita
Abstract
The aim of liberal theology was, basically, to promote the freedom of thought. However, it also can be trapped into an authoritarian system leading to tyranny when the aim is forced. It was true in the case of Mu’tazilite, a sect that is considered the symbol of liberalism in Islamic theology. The sect, in one side, campaigned freedom of thought, but in other side, it also applied mihnah, a tool of measuring the state theology. Yet, when mihnah was applied, the people had no freedom, even the caliph also participated to impose the idea that the Qur'an was created. As a result of the implementation of mihnah, there was the emergence of a gap, prolonged anxiety and tension among the Islamic society. Hence, their opponents increased which in turn encouraged the Caliph al-Mutawakkil to launch a new policy to cancel the mihnah, then ordered the people to follow muhadditsīn, the majority people believing in the Hadits, as well as a forerunner to the birth of the term ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama’a.
References
‘Abd al-Azîz al-Badrî, Al-Islâm Bayn al-Ulamâ` wa al-Hukkâm (Madinah: Mansyurât al Maktabah al-Ilmiyyah, 1986).
Harifuddin Cawidu, Pemikiran Islam Klasik:Teologi, Filsafat dan Tasawuf, dalam Uswah, nomor 2 tahun 1992, BPP IKA IAIN Alauddin Ujungpanadng, 1992.
Departemen Agama R.I., Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya (Surabaya: PT. Mahkota, 1989).
Hamka Haq, Mihnah, Trauma Bagi Kebebasan dalam Harian Pagi Fajar Ujung Pandang, 13 Oktober 1995, no.13, Tahun ke-15.
Jamâl al-Dîn Muhammad bin Mukarram al-Anshârî Ibn Manzhûr, Lisân al-‘Arab, XVII (Mesir: Dâr al-Mishriyyat li al-Ta’lîf wa al-Nasyr, t.t).
Zuhdî Jârullah, Al-Mu’tazilah: al-Ahliyyat li al-Nasyr wa al-Tauzî (Beirut: t.p., 1974).
Syed Mahmudunnasir, Islam Konsepsi dan Sejarahnya, ter. Adang Affandi (Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1994).
Nurcholish Madjid (ed.), Khazanah Intelektual Islam (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1985).
Harun Nasution, Teologi Islam Aliran-aliran Sejarah, Analisa Perbandingan (Jakarta: UI Press, 1986).
Syamsuddin Ramdlan, "Ironi Liberalisme" dalam al-Wa`ie: Media Politik dan Dakwah Membangun Kesadaran Umat, no. 73 (September 2006).
Joesoef Sou’ayb, Sejarah Daulat Abbasiyah, Jilid I (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1977).
Ahmad Subhi, Fî Ilm al-Kalâm (Beirut: Dâr al-Kitab al-Jami’iyyah, 1969).
Ahmad Syalâbî, Mausû’ah al-Târikh al-Islâmî wa al-Hadlârah al-Islâmiy, Juz III (Mesir: Maktabah al-Nahdlah al-Mishriyyah, 1978).
Ali Syari`ti, Membangun Masa Depan Islam: Pesan untuk Para Intelektual Muslim, ter. Rahmani Astuti (Bandung: Mizan, 1994).
W. Montgomery Watt, Pemikiran Teologi dan FIlsafat Islam, pen. Umar Bar Basalim (Jakarta: P3M, 1987).
PDF downloaded: 357
