Kontroversi Akhbârî-Ushûlî dalam Tradisi Pemikiran Syî‘Ah Imâmiyyah
Keywords:
Gerakan Sosial, Syî’ah Imâmiyyah, Akhbârî Ushûlî, Marja’ al-Taqlîd, Wilâyat al-Faqîh
Abstract
This paper deals with the controversy that occurs between Akhbârî and Ushûlî within Syî’ah Imâmiyyah’s thought. The controversy lies on the legal methodology employed in understanding the will of God after the great occultation of the twelfth Imam. Akhbâri, which is literalist in nature, tends to absolutely get rid of reason as a means of deriving Islamic laws, while insists on revelation and akhbâr of the Imams. They strictly hold that Shi’ites must absolutely follow such twelve imams, since it is only they who are able to accurately interpret the Quran. On the other hand, Ushûlî allow the use of ijtihâd (legal reasoning) into a great deal in making legal decisions, and also argue that a Shi’ite must abide by mujtahid (legal experts), as well as the Imams. Therefore, they can come up with vital concepts in a religious life of Shi’ites nowadays, such as marja‘ al-taqlîd and wilâyat al-faqîh
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
“Akhbârî”. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhbari. diakses tanggal 23 Mei 2008.
“Basic differences between Shia Imamia Ithna Ashari Akhbari and Usooli,” http://www.akhbari.org/differences.htm. diakses tanggal 23 Mei 2008.
“Twelvers/Ithna Ashari Islamic Schools of Thought”. http:// www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-ithna-ashari2.htm. diakses tanggal 23 MEi 2008.
Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina, The Just Ruler in Shi‘ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988).
Abdullah Saeed, Islamic Thought: An Introduction (London, New York: Routledge, 2006).
Gordon Marshall, Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Gregory Rose, “Velayat-e Faqih and the Recovery of Islamic Identity in the Thought of Ayatollah Khomeini” dalam Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi‘ism from Quietism to Revolution, ed. Nikki R. Keddie (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1983).
Hamid Algar, “Akhbariyah” dalam Ensiklopedi Oxford Dunia Islam, Jilid I, ed. John L. Esposito (Bandung: Mizan, 2002).
Hasan Hanafî, Min al-Nashsh ilâ al-Wâqi‘ (Kairo: Markaz al-Mathba‘ah li al-Nasyr, 2004).
Jassim M. Hussain, The Occultation of The Twelfth Imam: Historical Background (USA: The Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain & Northern Ireland, The Zahra Trust, 1982). http://www.al-islam.org/occultation_12imam/; diakses tanggal 23 Mei 2008.
Juan R. Cole, “Imami Jurisprudence and the Role of the Ulama: Mortaza Ansari on Emulating the Supreme Exemplar”, dalam Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi‘ism from Quietism to Revolution, ed. Nikki R. Keddie (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1983).
Muhammad Bâqir al-Shadr, Durûs fī ‘Ilm al-Ushûl: al-Halaqat al-Ûlâ (Beirut: Dâr al-Kitâb al-Lubnânî, 1978).
Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Karim Shahrastani et.al, “Shi‘ism, Zaydism, Isma‘ilism, and Shaykhism” dalam Shi‘ism: Doctrines, Thought and Spirituality, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr et.al (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988).
Nâshir bin ‘Abd al-Lâh bin ‘Alî al-Qifârî, Ushûl Madzhab al-Syî’ah al-Imâmiyyah al-Itsnâ al-Asyariyyah: ‘Ardl wa Naqd, Jilid 2 (tp: tt).
Noel J. Coulson, Konflik dalam Yurisprudensi Islam, ter. Fuad (Yogyakarta: Navila, 2001).
Norman Calder, “Marja‘ Taqlid” dalam Ensiklopedi Oxford Dunia Islam, Jilid I, ed. John L. Esposito (Bandung: Mizan, 2002).
Paul E. Walker, “The Ismâ‘îlî Da‘wa and the Fâtimid Caliphate”, dalam The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517, ed. Carl F. Petry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
Rabî’ bin Muhammad al-Su’ûdî, al-Syî’ah al-Imâmiyyah al-Itsnâ al-Asyariyyah fî Mîzân al-Islâm (Kairo: Maktabah Ibn Taymiyyah, 1414 H).
Ralph Turner dan Lewis Killian, Collective Behaviour (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1957).
Robert Gleave, “Marrying Fatimid Women: Legal Theory and Substantive Law in Shī‘ī Jurisprudence”, dalam Islamic Law and Society, 6, 1 (1999).
Roy P. Mottahadeh, “Wilâyat al-Faqîh” dalam The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 4, ed. John L. Esposito (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
Said Amir Arjomand, The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order, and Societal Change in Shi‘ite Iran from the Beginning to 1890 (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1984).
Sayyid Muhammad Taqiyy al-Hakîm,, al-Ushûl al-‘Âmmah li al-Fiqh al-Muqâran, Tahqîq: al-Majma‘ al-‘Âlamî li Ahl al-Bayt, (Qum: Mathba‘ah Amîr, 1997).
Syaikh al-Shadûq Ibn Babuya, ‘Ilal al-Syarâ’i (Najaf: al-Maktabah al-Haydariyyah, 1383/1963), 590, no. 38
Syaikh Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Thûsī, Tahzhīb al-Ahkâm, vol. 7 (Teheran: Dâr al-Kutub al-Islâmiyyah, 1390), 463, no. 1855.
W. Montgomery Watt, “The Significance of the Early Stages of Imami Shi‘ism” dalam Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi‘ism from Quietism to Revolution, ed. Nikki R. Keddie (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1983).
Wael B. Hallaq, The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
“Basic differences between Shia Imamia Ithna Ashari Akhbari and Usooli,” http://www.akhbari.org/differences.htm. diakses tanggal 23 Mei 2008.
“Twelvers/Ithna Ashari Islamic Schools of Thought”. http:// www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-ithna-ashari2.htm. diakses tanggal 23 MEi 2008.
Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina, The Just Ruler in Shi‘ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988).
Abdullah Saeed, Islamic Thought: An Introduction (London, New York: Routledge, 2006).
Gordon Marshall, Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Gregory Rose, “Velayat-e Faqih and the Recovery of Islamic Identity in the Thought of Ayatollah Khomeini” dalam Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi‘ism from Quietism to Revolution, ed. Nikki R. Keddie (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1983).
Hamid Algar, “Akhbariyah” dalam Ensiklopedi Oxford Dunia Islam, Jilid I, ed. John L. Esposito (Bandung: Mizan, 2002).
Hasan Hanafî, Min al-Nashsh ilâ al-Wâqi‘ (Kairo: Markaz al-Mathba‘ah li al-Nasyr, 2004).
Jassim M. Hussain, The Occultation of The Twelfth Imam: Historical Background (USA: The Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain & Northern Ireland, The Zahra Trust, 1982). http://www.al-islam.org/occultation_12imam/; diakses tanggal 23 Mei 2008.
Juan R. Cole, “Imami Jurisprudence and the Role of the Ulama: Mortaza Ansari on Emulating the Supreme Exemplar”, dalam Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi‘ism from Quietism to Revolution, ed. Nikki R. Keddie (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1983).
Muhammad Bâqir al-Shadr, Durûs fī ‘Ilm al-Ushûl: al-Halaqat al-Ûlâ (Beirut: Dâr al-Kitâb al-Lubnânî, 1978).
Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Karim Shahrastani et.al, “Shi‘ism, Zaydism, Isma‘ilism, and Shaykhism” dalam Shi‘ism: Doctrines, Thought and Spirituality, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr et.al (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988).
Nâshir bin ‘Abd al-Lâh bin ‘Alî al-Qifârî, Ushûl Madzhab al-Syî’ah al-Imâmiyyah al-Itsnâ al-Asyariyyah: ‘Ardl wa Naqd, Jilid 2 (tp: tt).
Noel J. Coulson, Konflik dalam Yurisprudensi Islam, ter. Fuad (Yogyakarta: Navila, 2001).
Norman Calder, “Marja‘ Taqlid” dalam Ensiklopedi Oxford Dunia Islam, Jilid I, ed. John L. Esposito (Bandung: Mizan, 2002).
Paul E. Walker, “The Ismâ‘îlî Da‘wa and the Fâtimid Caliphate”, dalam The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517, ed. Carl F. Petry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
Rabî’ bin Muhammad al-Su’ûdî, al-Syî’ah al-Imâmiyyah al-Itsnâ al-Asyariyyah fî Mîzân al-Islâm (Kairo: Maktabah Ibn Taymiyyah, 1414 H).
Ralph Turner dan Lewis Killian, Collective Behaviour (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1957).
Robert Gleave, “Marrying Fatimid Women: Legal Theory and Substantive Law in Shī‘ī Jurisprudence”, dalam Islamic Law and Society, 6, 1 (1999).
Roy P. Mottahadeh, “Wilâyat al-Faqîh” dalam The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 4, ed. John L. Esposito (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
Said Amir Arjomand, The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order, and Societal Change in Shi‘ite Iran from the Beginning to 1890 (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1984).
Sayyid Muhammad Taqiyy al-Hakîm,, al-Ushûl al-‘Âmmah li al-Fiqh al-Muqâran, Tahqîq: al-Majma‘ al-‘Âlamî li Ahl al-Bayt, (Qum: Mathba‘ah Amîr, 1997).
Syaikh al-Shadûq Ibn Babuya, ‘Ilal al-Syarâ’i (Najaf: al-Maktabah al-Haydariyyah, 1383/1963), 590, no. 38
Syaikh Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Thûsī, Tahzhīb al-Ahkâm, vol. 7 (Teheran: Dâr al-Kutub al-Islâmiyyah, 1390), 463, no. 1855.
W. Montgomery Watt, “The Significance of the Early Stages of Imami Shi‘ism” dalam Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi‘ism from Quietism to Revolution, ed. Nikki R. Keddie (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1983).
Wael B. Hallaq, The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Published
2009-06-30
How to Cite
Rusli, R. (2009). Kontroversi Akhbârî-Ushûlî dalam Tradisi Pemikiran Syî‘Ah Imâmiyyah. Ulumuna, 13(1), 141-168. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v13i1.375
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2009 Ulumuna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
