Konsep Sufisme ‘Shakhs-i Manevi dan Hizmet’ Muhammad Fethullah Gülen
Keywords:
tasawuf, Gulen, shakhs-i manevi, hizmet, spiritualitas
Abstract
This article examines the concept of shakh-i manevi and hizmet that are introduced by contemporary Turk Sufi ulama Muhammad Fethullah Gulen. Through this concept, Gulen attempts to encourage personal spirituality to transform gradually into collective personality. By this he means that this process should involve relevant parts of sufi teaching and integrate them directly into a community. This effort envisions a prototype of idealized community that hizmet should uphold. In this community, the followers of his movement work hand in hand to offer social services to the people regardless of their backgrounds.
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References
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___________. 2001. Kunci-kunci Rahasia Sufi. ter. Tri Wibowo Budi Santoso. Jakarta: Srigunting.
___________. 2005. Pearls of Wisdom. New Jersey: Light.
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___________. “Redeemer or Outsider? The Gülen Community in the Civilizing Process”, The Muslim World, vol. 95, no. 3.
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Saritoprak, Zeki, dan Sidney Griffith. 2005. ‘Fethullah Gülen and the “People of the Book”, The Muslim World, 95 (2005).
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Vahide, Şükran. 2005. Islam Modern Turkey: an Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, New York: State University of New York Press.
Webb, L. E. 1983. Fethullah Gülen: Is There More to Him than Meets the Eye?. Patterson, N.J.: Zinnur Books.
Williams, I. 2005. “An Absent Influence? The Nurcu/Fethullah Gülen Movement in Turkish Islam and Their Potential Influence upon Euorpean Islam and Global Education”, makalah disampaikan dalam “Islam in the Contemporary World: The Fethullah Gülen Movement in Thought and Practice”, Rice University, 12-13 November 2005.
Yavuz, Hakan. 2003. “The Gulen Movement”, dalam Hakan Yavuz dan Jhon L. Esposito [ed.], Turkish Islam and the Secular State, New York: Syracuse University Press.
___________. 2004. “The Gülen Movement: A Modern Expression of Turkish Islam”, Religioscope, 21 Juli 2004.
___________. 2003. ‘The Gülen Movement: The Turkish Puritans,’ dalam M. Hakan Yavuz dan Jhon L. Esposito [ed.], Turkish Islam and the Secular State. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Yilmaz, Ihsan. 2001. “Ijtihad and Tajdid by Conduct: Gülen and his movement”, makalah disajikan pada seminar “Islamic Modernities: Fethullah Gülen and Contemporary Islam”. Georgetown University, 26-27 April 2001.
Baldry, Harold Caparne. 1965.The Unity of Mankind in Greek Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Billa, Mutamakkin, “Dialogic Sufism” dan “Piestistic Activism”: Tawaran M. F. Gülen bagi Dialog Interfaith”, dikutip dari http:///www.dialogic-sufism-dan-pietistic-activism-tawaran-m-f-gc3bclen-bagi-dialog-interfaith.pdf//
Durkheim, E. 1973. “Individualism and the intellectuals”, in Robert Bellah (ed.) Emile Durkheim on Morality and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Erdoğan, Latif. 1995. Küçük Dünyam, İstanbul: AD Yayincilik.
Ergene, Enes, “M. Fethullah Gülen and His Movement: A Common-Sense Approach to Religion and Modernity”, http://www.fethullahGülen.org/press-room/columns/2278-m-fethullah-Gülen-and-his-movement-a-common-sense-approach-to-religion-and-modernity.html, tanggal 21 Januari 2011.
Eris, Suleyman. 2006. A Religiological Comparison of the Sufi Thought of Said Nursi and Fethullah Gülen, thesis Master of Arts at the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Esposito, John, and Hakan Yavuz. 2003. Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Fauzia, Ika Yunia. 2009. “Menguak Konsep Kebersandingan Fethullah Gulen dan Asimilasi Budaya Tariq Ramadan”. ISLAMICA, vol. 3, no. 2, Maret 2009.
Gokcek, M. 2005. “Gülen and Sufism”, makalah disampaikan dalam “Islam in the Contemporary World: The Fethullah Gülen Movement in Thought and Practice”, Rice University, 12-13 November 2005.
Gulay, Erol Nazim. 2007. The Theological Thought of Fethullah Gülen: Reconciling Science and Islam, tesis M.Phil di St. Antony’s College, Oxford University.
Gülen, M. Fethullah, “Respect for Humankind”, http://en.mfethullahGülen.com/recent-articles/2124-respect-for-humankind.html.
___________. 1995. Fasildan Fasila I (From Time to Time). Izmir: Nil Yayinevi.
___________. 2012. Bangkitnya Spiritualitas Islam. ter. Fuad Saefuddin. Jakarta: Republika Penerbit.
___________. 2001. Kunci-kunci Rahasia Sufi. ter. Tri Wibowo Budi Santoso. Jakarta: Srigunting.
___________. 2005. Pearls of Wisdom. New Jersey: Light.
___________. 2009. Toward a Global Civization of Love and Tolerance. New Jersey: Tughrabooks.
http://najhie.blogspot.com/2009/07/sahabat-turki-sering-bercerita-tentang.html (4-09-2011).
http://en.fGülen.com/conference-papers/Gülen-conference-in-washington-dc/3116-Gülens-dialogic-sufism-a-constructional-and-constructive-factor-of-dialogue.html.
___________. 2008. The Nature and Role of Sufism in Contemporary Islam; A Case Study of the Life, Thought and teachings of Fethullah Gulen. U.S.A.: Ann Arbor.
___________. 2005. “F. Gülen and Sufism: A Contemporary Manifestation of Sufism”, makalah disampaikan dalam “Islam in the Contemporary World: The Fethullah Gülen Movement in Thought and Practice”, Rice University, 12-13 November 2005.
Koc, Dogan, “Gülen’s Interpretation of Sufism”, makalah disampaikan dalam Second International Conference on Islam in the Contemporary World: The Fethullah Gülen Movement in Thought and Practice, November 3-5, 2006, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Markham, Ian, dan Suendam Birinci Pirim, An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings, U.S.A.: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2011.
Michel, Thomas. 2005. “Sufism and Modernity in the Thought of Fethullah Gülen”, The Muslim World 95, no. 3.
“Sufism and Modernity in the Thought of Fethullah Gülen”, dikutip dari http://www.thomasmichel.us/gulen-sufism.html, akses 22-10-2011).
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. 2000. Ideals and Realities of Islam, Belmont Avenue: ABC International Group, Inc.
Özdalga, Elizabeth. “Following in the Footsteps of Fethullah Gülen”, http://www.Güleninstitute.org/ index.php/Articles/, 21 Januari 2011.
___________. “Redeemer or Outsider? The Gülen Community in the Civilizing Process”, The Muslim World, vol. 95, no. 3.
Qushairī, Abū al-Qāsim. t.t. al-Risālah al-Qushairiyah, Beirut: Dār al-Khair.
Saritoprak, Zeki. 2003. “A Sufi in His Own Way”, dalam Hakan Yavuz dan Jhon L. Esposito [ed.], Turkish Islam and the Secular State, New York: Syracuse University Press.
Saritoprak, Zeki, “Fethullah Gülen: A Sufi in His Own Way”, makalah disajikan pada seminar “Islamic Modernities: Fethullah Gülen and Contemporary Islam”, Georgetown University, 26-27 April 2001.
Saritoprak, Zeki, dan Sidney Griffith. 2005. ‘Fethullah Gülen and the “People of the Book”, The Muslim World, 95 (2005).
Sevindi, Nevval. 2008. Contemporary Islamic Conversation: M. Fethullah Gülen on Turkey, Islam, and The West. trans. Abdullah T. Antepli. New York: State University of New York Press.
Swenson, Donald S. 1999. Society, Spirituality and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introdution. Canada: Broadview Press.
Ünal, Ali. 2002. Bir Portre Denemesi: Fethullah Gülen (An Essays in Portrait: Fethullah Gülen). İstanbul: Nil Yayinlari.
Vahide, Şükran. 2005. Islam Modern Turkey: an Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, New York: State University of New York Press.
Webb, L. E. 1983. Fethullah Gülen: Is There More to Him than Meets the Eye?. Patterson, N.J.: Zinnur Books.
Williams, I. 2005. “An Absent Influence? The Nurcu/Fethullah Gülen Movement in Turkish Islam and Their Potential Influence upon Euorpean Islam and Global Education”, makalah disampaikan dalam “Islam in the Contemporary World: The Fethullah Gülen Movement in Thought and Practice”, Rice University, 12-13 November 2005.
Yavuz, Hakan. 2003. “The Gulen Movement”, dalam Hakan Yavuz dan Jhon L. Esposito [ed.], Turkish Islam and the Secular State, New York: Syracuse University Press.
___________. 2004. “The Gülen Movement: A Modern Expression of Turkish Islam”, Religioscope, 21 Juli 2004.
___________. 2003. ‘The Gülen Movement: The Turkish Puritans,’ dalam M. Hakan Yavuz dan Jhon L. Esposito [ed.], Turkish Islam and the Secular State. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Yilmaz, Ihsan. 2001. “Ijtihad and Tajdid by Conduct: Gülen and his movement”, makalah disajikan pada seminar “Islamic Modernities: Fethullah Gülen and Contemporary Islam”. Georgetown University, 26-27 April 2001.
Published
2017-11-08
How to Cite
Al-Kumayi, S. (2017). Konsep Sufisme ‘Shakhs-i Manevi dan Hizmet’ Muhammad Fethullah Gülen. Ulumuna, 17(2), 359-386. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v17i2.167
Section
Articles
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