Sistem Kalender Islam Dalam Perspektif Evolusi Syari’ah
Abstract
This article tries to read Mecca and Medina messages by referring to Mahmud Muhammad Thaha’s, a Sudanese writer, term that is syariah evolution of Islamic calendar system. Mecca messages commanding to seeing the sky are theological, while Medina messages are more practical aspects from Mecca messages which are implemented in setting Islamic calendar not only through ru’yah bi al-fi’l, but also by hisab or computing based on syar’i pillars. The obeyed syar’i pillars represent that the human computing result should be considered a symbol of flexible Islamic teachings. Considering that, this writing points to a certain positioning, that Islamic calendar does not have only theological edge (Mecca messages), but also cultural one (Medina messages). As a theological calendar, Islamic calendar setting should be framed with adherence to syar’i pillars. As a cultural calendar, its arrangement should be designed by following human civilization advancement in astronomy.
References
Commentary, (Brentwood, Maryland, U.S.A.: Amana
Corporation, 1409 H. /1989 M.).
Abd. Salam Nawawi, Rukyat Hisab di Kalangan NUMuhammadiyah:
Meredam Konflik dalam Menetapkan Hilal
(Surabaya: Diantama, 2004).
Abd. Salam, Kalender Islam di Antara Formalisme Fiqh dan
Empirisme Hisab (Tesis pada Program Pascasarjana
Universitas Islam Malang, 2001).
Abdullâh Ahmed an-Na„im, Dekonstruksi Syari‟ah: Wacana
Kebebasan Sipil, Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hubungan Internasional
dalam Islam, ter. Ahmad Suaedy dan Amiruddin ar-Rany
(Yogyakarta: LKiS & Pustaka Pelajar).
Abû al-Fidâ‟ Isma„il ibn Katsîr al-Qurashî al-Dimashqî, Tafsîr al-
Qur‟ân al-„Azîm, vol. 3 (t.t.p: „Isâ al-Bâbîal-Halabî, t.t.).
Abû Dâwud Sulaimân ibn al-Ash‟ath al-Sijistânî al-Azdî, Sunan
Abî Dâwûd, Vol. 2, nomor hadis: 2338 (t.t.p.: Dâr Ihyâ‟ al-
Turâth al-„Arabî, t.t.).
Achmad Baiquni, “Filsafat Fisika dan al-Qur‟an”, Ulumul Qur‟an:
Jurnal Ilmu dan Kebudayaan, nomor 4, Jakarta: Penerbit
Lembaga Studi Agama dan Filsafat, 1990/1410 H.
Darsa Sukartadiredja, “Perhitungan Astronomis Untuk
Penentuan Awal Bulan Qamariah”, dalam Rukyah dengan
Teknologi: Upaya Mencari Kesamaan Pandangan tentang Penentuan
Awal Ramadhan dan Syawal (Jakarta: Gema Insani Press,
1994).
Louis al-Ma‟lûf, al-Munjid fî al-Lughah wa al-„A‟lâm (Beirut: Dâr al-
Mashriq,t.t.).
Muhammad Hasan al-Hamsi, Qur‟ân Karîm: Tafsîr wa Bayân Ma‟a
Asbâb al-Nuzûl li al-Suyûthi Ma‟a Fahâris Kâmilah li al-Mawâdi‟
wa al-Alfâzh (Damasqus-Beirut: Dâr al-Rashîd, t.t.).
Muhammad Rasyid Ridlâ, Tafsîr al-Qur‟ân al-Hakîm, vol. 2,
(Beirut-Lebanon: Dâr al-Ma‟rifah, t.t.).
Muslim, Shahîh Muslim (Bandung: Dahlan, t.t.).
Qurthubî, Bidâyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihâyah al-Muqtashid (Singapura-
Jeddah: al-Haramayn, t.t.).
Sa‟adoedin Djambek, Hisab Awal Bulan (Jakarta: Tintamas
Indonesia, 1976).
Syihâbuddîn al-Qalyûbi dan Shihâbuddîn „Umayrah, Hashiyah al-
Qalyûbî wa „Umayrah „ala Minhaj al-Thâlibin, Jilid II (Mesir: Dâr
Ihyâ‟ al-Kutub al-„Ilmiyyah, t.t.).
Yayasan Penyelenggara Penterjemah/Pentafsir al-Qur‟an,
“Muqaddimah”, dalam Al-Quran dan Terjemahnya (Madinah
Munawwarah: Mujamma‟ al-Mâlik Fahd Lithba‟ah al-Mushaf
al-Sharîf, 1421 H.).
PDF downloaded: 280
