Reinterpretasi Konsep Fî Sabîl Al-Lâh Sebagai Ashnâf Zakat
Abstract
The term jihad fi sabîl al-Lâh is often used to refer to physical war in the path of God. The word, as it is derived from the Qs. al-Tawbah (9): 60, in fact connotes specific and general meanings. The specific meaning of it commonly found in classical ulema’s interpretation is related to the war. This interpretation is based on historical evidence and supported by the literal meaning of Qur’an and the hadith. But such a meaning is now criticized and regarded as going beyond the conceptual boundary of jihad in Islam.
This article seeks to explore the general meaning of the term in the works of classical and contemporary Muslim scholars, aimed at offering a more contextual meaning. It shows that the term does not always necessarily mean the physical war in the name of God or religion, but it can be meant as education, human welfare, and social development.
References
„Abd Rahmân Mahmûd, Al-Nafakhât al-Shamâdiyyah (Mesir: al-Madani, tt.).
Ahmad Mushthafâ Al-Marâghî, Tafsîr Al-Marâghî (Mesir: Mushthafâ al-Bâb al-Halabi, 1389 H/1969 M).
Ahmad Warson Al-Munawwir, Al-Munawwir: Kamus Arab Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Pondok Pesantren Krapyak, 1984).
Al-Bukhârî, Sahîh al-Bukhârî (Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-„Ilmiyyah, 1992).
Al-Shan‟ânî, Subul al-Salâm (Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-„Ilmiyyah, 1988).
Jalâl al-Dîn Al-Suyûthî, Sunan al-Nasâ‟î (Beirut: Dâr al-Ma‟rifah, tt.).
M. Dawam Rahardjo, “Zakat dan Pengembangan Swadaya Umat Islam” dalam Islam dan Transformasi Sosial-Ekonomi (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1999).
Masyfuk Zuhdi, “Sistem Zakat dan Dampaknya terhadap Pemerataan Pendapatan Masyarakat dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat” dalam Masail Fiqhiyyah: Kapita Selekta Hukum Islam (Jakarta: Haji Masagung, 1994).
Mohammad Daud Ali, Sistem Ekonomi Islam, Zakat dan Wakaf (Jakarta: UI-Press,1998).
Muhammad „Abd al-Salâm al-Syâfî, Musnad al-Imâm Ahmad bin Hanbâl (Beirut: Dâr al-Ilmiyyah, 1993).
Muhammad „Alî al-Sâyis, Tafsîr Âyât al-Ahkâm (Mesir: Mathba‟ah Muhammad Ali Shabih, tt.).
Muhammad al-Mahsyat, Bughyah al-Mustarsyidîn (t.k.: Mahfûzhah Li al-Nasyrî, tt.).
Muhammad Jamâl al-Dîn al-Qâsimî, Mahâsin al-Ta‟wil (Beirut: Dâr Ihyâ‟ al-Kutub al-„Arabiyyah, 1376 H/1957 M).
Q. Shaleh, dkk., Ayat-Ayat Hukum: Tafsir dan Uraian Perintah-Perintah dalam Al-Qur‟an (Bandung: Diponegoro, 1976).
Sayyid Sabiq, Fiqh Sunnah (Libanon: Dâr Fikr, 1403H/1983M).
Wahbah al-Zuhailî, al-Fiqh al-Islâmî wa Adillatuh (Damsyik: Dâr al-Fikr, 1989).
Zainuddin Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Malibariy, Fath al-Mu'în, ter. M. Aliy As‟ad (Kudus: Menara Kudus, 1979).
PDF downloaded: 188
