Ulumuna

Between Hallyu and the Qur’an: Everyday Life of Female Santri in Yogyakarta

Nur Azka Inayatussahara — 2023-12-03

The religious expressions of students at an Islamic boarding school, referred to as “santri,” encompassing worship, rituals, and the utilization of religious symbols or texts, unveil a captivating phenomenon showcasing the adeptness of youth in reconciling their Islamic identity with global popular culture. This paper delves into the daily lives of female santris at Pondok Pesantren Sunan Pandanaran in Sleman, Yogyakarta. It examines the creative tensions that confront these santris, who commit the Qur’an to memory while concurrently being avid enthusiasts of Korean popular culture, including K-Pop and K-Drama. For the santris who prioritize memorizing the Qur’an, they are compelled to steer clear of any elements that could impede their concentration. This holds especially true for santris who also indulge in Korean popular culture activities—actions that some deem incongruent with Islamic values. This study discerns that the santris are capable of engaging in both activities concurrently, without perceiving K-Pop as detrimental to their memorization endeavors. By assimilating practices from Korean popular culture and skillfully harmonizing them with their religious traditions, the santris occupy a distinctive position at the confluence of Islam, globalization, and youthfulness. Constituting a pivotal segment of the global populace, they strive to harmonize their religious principles with the influences of an ever-evolving world, all while preserving their youthful spirit.

Travel in Islam (A Study of the Concept of Sīrū in the Qur'an)

Khairul Hamim — 2023-12-11

This paper analyzes the command to travel in the Qur'an, which is understood from the word sīrū or yasīrū with various accompanying words. The Quranic injunction to travel that uses the word sīrū contains orders to contemplate, think, and take lessons from the attitude of the former people who denied the Prophet and Messenger of Allah and the consequences experienced by these people. Productive tourism in the Qur’an is carried out with a good purpose, benefiting oneself, others, and the surrounding environment and maximizing the use of reason, mind, and heart. In the Qur'an, the orientation of travel is very varied, namely, seeing the behavior of the former people, knowing the universe and its contents, adding insight, clearing the heart, softening the mind, and so on. The phenomenon of travel and efforts to develop the tourism sector in various countries are currently very diverse and continue to develop significantly in various means and forms so that they can provide benefits for social, political, cultural, and religious life. The order to travel contained in the word sīrū must be actualized in today's modern life by sticking to and being guided by the values in the holy book of the Qur'an.

An Orientalist Today: Jonathan A.C. Brown's Thoughts on Hadith

Nur Hamidah Pulungan — 2023-12-28

The term "Orientalist" refers to scholars, mostly from the West, who specialize in studying Eastern cultures, including Islamic texts such as the Quran and Hadith. This study explores the views of a contemporary Orientalist, namely Jonathan Andrew Cleveland Brown, on Hadith. Grounding on Brown's works on hadith and related topics as the main data, this study found that Brown has introduced a distinctive concept known as “the canonization theory”, typically applied as a stage in the cult or development of the Bible and Torah. Brown has applied the theory to explore the history of the books of hadith composed by Bukhari and Muslim. His perspective ultimately supports the consensus of Muslim scholars who consider Sahih Bukhari and Muslim as the primary source of Islamic law after the Quran. The canonization of Sahihain has undergone extensive study and critique from hadith experts. The reception of Sahih Bukhari has also experienced dynamics, such as the rejection by the Naisabur community, who favored Sahih Muslim, until Sahih Bukhari was established as the foremost reference on hadith, inspiring the development of a new epistemology in the study of hadith. Overall, Brown advocates for a balanced approach to Hadith, respecting Islamic tradition while maintaining a critical and scientific perspective in understanding and interpreting hadith.

Sexual Violence Prevention Strategies Based on Hadith Guidance

Abdul Wahid — 2023-12-31

Sexual violence continues to happen in different places and cannot be dealt with well. The rise in the rate of sexual violence from year to year is thought to be related to the state of education. So, many things about education need to be fixed to stop acts of sexual violence that have long-term effects. Handling cases of sexual violence is insufficient for punishing perpetrators because victims who have experienced violence cannot return to normal in their physical, psychological, or future conditions. More research, particularly on hadiths related to the prevention of sexual violence behavior, is required. In Islam, various strategies have been set up that are considered capable of saving the younger generation from sexual violence. Therefore, this article aims to present traditions related to efforts to prevent the prevalence of sexual violence in society. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review model, and the data was analyzed using the fiqhul hadith approach. This approach is a method of understanding and interpreting Islamic jurisprudence based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. The study discovers various strategies promoted by hadith to prevent sexual violence, such as managing the views of men's and women's genitals; managing educational institutions and gathering places that are separate for men and women; and promoting youth awareness to marry if they already have the ability to do so.

Informal Islamic Education for Minority Muslims: Lessons from Chinese Ethnic Minority Muslims in Yogyakarta

Imam Machali — 2023-12-29

The Chinese ethnic minority Muslim community is a cultural entity that represents two social crisis poles. This fact motivates them to practice the informal Islamic education method while keeping their religious, social, and cultural backgrounds in mind. This article aims to comprehend and investigate the method of informal Islamic education in Yogyakarta's Chinese ethnic minority Muslim community. This study is a type of field research using a descriptive-analytical case study method. The primary data sources were the DIY (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) Chinese Muslim Association of Indonesia's board of directors, members, and the community. Scientific literature and organizational documents are examples of secondary data sources. This study's data collection uses in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. According to the findings of this study, education with the vision of Islam as raḥmah li al-‘ālamīn takes place in informal environment settings such as the family, community, and society. This vision is translated into various methods behind informal Islamic education in Yogyakarta's ethnic Chinese Muslim minority community.

Teacher’s Spiritual Competence and Its Implication in Islamic Religious Education Learning in Pidie, Aceh

Sri Astuti A. Samad — 2023-12-30

Teachers have a great responsibility in education as they help direct spiritual aspects to foster good morals in students. The research examines spiritual competence and its implications for learning Islamic Religious Education in schools in Pidie, Aceh. This research is based on the field studyandapplied the qualitative descriptive-analytic method. The study subjects were five teachers, four principals, and three students at the scchoolsin Pidie. Data was collected using interviews, observations, document studies, and focused group dsicussions. The findings showed that the teachers' spiritual competence came from the sincere nature of the teachers in educatingstudents. Such sincerity became the main factor in motivating the teachers to educate sincerely, earnestly, responsibly, and with discipline so that the learning process and the quality of learning could be better. Islamic religious education teachers' spiritual competence has influenced their teaching performance and helped them complete their duties correctly. This spiritual competence also affects the students' morals and enthusiasm to improve their academic achievements. Hence, students have received proper guidance, advice, and role models from teachers in class and extracurricular activities.

Indigenous Islamic Multiculturalism: Interreligious Relations in Rural East Java, Indonesia

Fawaizul Umam — 2023-12-31

This research-based article discusses interreligious relations and religious believers’ views as determining forms of interreligious relations. It chose a village in a rural area as the research locus, namely Sukoreno, Jember Regency, East Java Province. This village has four religious communities (Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Catholicism) and one mysticism community (Sapta Darma). So far, they have displayed a peaceful-productive relationship amid the cultural diversities, especially religious differences. This is interesting in Indonesia's current situation, which is often plagued by religious conflicts. It is also important in the context of multiculturalism discourse, which tends to be urban-biased and its enrichment in an Islamic perspective. Therefore, this study explores forms of interreligious relations and how the Sukoreno community uses them as cultural energy to build social cohesion. From an Islamic perspective, the findings can be used as a pilot model for multicultural Indonesian society, both in rural areas and urban areas, where demographically, the majority of citizens are Muslims. Moreover, interreligious relations in Sukoreno can prove that Indonesian people have the cultural wealth to build their own multiculturalism, rooted in the cultural treasures of their own locality, indigenous Islamic multiculturalism.

Nagari Madani: Islamic Favoritism and Religious Freedom in Regional Development in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Zulfan Taufik — 2023-12-31

The dominance of Islamism in West Sumatra has increasingly strengthened in the post-decentralization period, primarily through the implementation of regional government regulations with Sharia nuances. In contrast to previous studies about the relationship between adat (custom) and Sharia as Minangkabau identity, this study critically examines 1) the way Sharia-based custom is implemented by the Nagari government, which is the smallest unit of local government in West Sumatra; 2) its socio-political implications for religious freedom in the Nagari. This study takes the case of Agam Regency, which has explicitly issued Regent Regulation No. 74 of 2016 concerning the implementation of Nagari Madani. The regulation is a concrete step to realizing religious and traditional life in 82 Nagari, one of 16 sub-districts in the Religious District of West Sumatra. By applying the analytical framework of Grim and Finke on religious favoritism, this study shows that the Nagari Madani policy implemented in Agam Regency is a form of Islamic favoritism. This policy departs from the customary philosophy of adat basandi syara’, syara’ basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK), which presupposes that Islam is the primary and principal value for the life of all people in the West Sumatra region. Through the implementation of ABS-SBK, the spirit of Islamization of Minangkabau nature in the development of Nagari provides many conveniences for the majority of Muslims in developing Islamic teachings and accessing funding sources. However, this policy may exclude as fellow citizens who should have the same rights to practice their religion and access development facilities in the Nagari.

Islamism and Jihad: The Problem With Western Taxonomies

Mohamed Mosaad Abdelaziz Mohamed — 2023-12-31

Explaining the confusing classification of 'political Islam' as Islamism/Jihad, I argue that this classification is epistemologically grounded in 1) Christian morality, 2) political secularism, and 3) modern ideologism. I contrast this epistemology to an Islamic-friendly epistemology, framed by a specific theory of meaning, a priority of historical cases over abstract principles in determining the correct action, and a priority of the apparent action in deciding its rule legally over any internal intention or implied subjectivity. Following this discussion, I propose and introduce four legal concepts that traditionally articulate Muslims’ political protest: 1) jihad, 2) khurūj, 3) qitāl al-fitnah, and 4) naṣīḥah. Contrasting this legal classification against the conventional Islamism/Jihad classification, I explain the advantages of using Islamic-friendly concepts to understand and frame Muslims’ political protest. I also explain that these four concepts are essentially neither good nor evil, neither true nor false. They are rooted neither in ideology nor in morality. They are legal concepts where each one of them can be ruled, depending on a specific historical situation, as wājib, mustaḥab, mubāḥ, makrūh, or ḥarām.

Knowledge Management Practices in Enhancing Academic Output: A Study of Indonesian Islamic Universities

Khoirun Niam — 2023-12-31

This study examines knowledge management strategies employed by Islamic universities in Indonesia to boost academic knowledge production. It explores the policies designed to support lecturers and students in producing and publishing scholarly work that is accessible and recognized within the scientific community. Focusing on five state Islamic Higher Education institutions (PTKIN) selected for their Sinta 2.0 ranking, the research identifies unique and standard policies across these universities to enhance knowledge output. Findings reveal that each PTKIN implements specific strategies to increase knowledge production and values contributions to reputable international journals. These strategies include providing resources and support for knowledge creation rooted in a shared foundation of program improvements directed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The study highlights how these universities adapt and extend existing initiatives to meet their unique needs, demonstrating the effectiveness of tailored knowledge management practices in fostering academic excellence.

Criticism of Mustafa Azami's Critical Thoughts in Study of Hadith

Ahmad Isnaeni — 2023-12-31

The existence and authenticity of hadith have become two of the most essential objects in the discourse of hadith among Muslims, especially after coming into contact with criticism from Orientalists. This article describes explicitly and criticizes Azami's hadith thought in the hadith debate among Orientalists. This research is an analytical descriptive research based on content analysis. The results reveal that Azami can position himself as a critic of the Western thesis by presenting historical data as a basis for his thoughts. The rhythm of the scientific debate modeled on by Western thinkers can be dived into and followed convincingly so that their responses and criticisms reach the Orientalists. Orientalists believe that Azami's criticism has not been able to divert the orientation of the general thesis that hadiths are not historically authentic. Azami's defense still needs convincing, and the arguments are still circular. This model of thinking has yet to satisfy the scientific desires of the Orientalists, so it has a small implications.

Shahrastani’s Exposition of Judaism in al-Milal wa al-Nihal in the Light of Comparative Theology

Abdullah Muslich Rizal Maulana — 2023-12-31

This article aimed to offer a closer comprehension concerning Judaism in the work of Abū al-Fath Muhammad ibn ’Abd al-Karīm ibn Ahmad al-Shahrastānī’s (d. 1153) work in the study of religions, al-Milal wa al-Nihal. Employing content and document analysis methods, this research goes over the framework of Comparative Theology, advancing further perspectives and considerations of Islamic-Jewish relations built within medieval Islamic literature. This research concluded that the employment of Comparative Theology as a framework led to an enhancement of reading the content of al-Milal wa al-Nihal¸ involving a novel procedure to develop the dialogue between Islam and other religions through the schema of ‘Commitment’ and ‘Openness.’ With a particular reference to the research question offered, this research was able to grasp a deeper yet broader cognition of the relevance of Comparative Theology as a cutting-edge perspective concerning the discussion of Sēp̄er Yəṣīrā, Tanakh, aséret ha-dvarím, and Joshua continued leadership in Judaism about Islam, which, as such, provided an extensive discussion of the study of Islam and Other Religions, particularly on Jews-Islam theological encounters.

Understanding the Complexities of Child Marriage and Promoting Education to Prevent Child Marriage in Indramayu, West Java

Nina Nurmila — 2023-12-31

The problem of child marriage in Indonesia is complex. There are many factors affecting the incidence of child marriage, such as poverty, lack of education, religious belief, social pressure, and limited employment opportunities. This paper aims to understand the complexities of child marriage in Indramayu, West Java. The Indonesian government has tried to eliminate child marriage, such as by amending the Law on the minimum age of marriage from 16 to 19 years old for girls. This paper argues that due to the complex problems of child marriage, eliminating child marriage requires many efforts to address the causes of child marriage, not only by amending the Law. This research is feminist research, which combines knowledge production with activism. It does not merely produce "knowledge what" but also "knowledge for" by encouraging girls to continue their studies to prevent child marriage. The finding shows that most women regretted marrying underage because they were financially unprepared. This implies that child marriage can result in economic insecurity, leading to a cycle of poverty in society.

The Qur’anic Spiritual Value of the “Pé-sapéyan Pappa” Social Learning to Improve the Madurese Migrants’ Quality Life

Saiful Hadi — 2023-12-31

This study aims to examine pé-sapéyan pappa tradition amongst the Madurese migrants. It explores the Qur’anic spiritual values embedded in this tradition. The data were gained through observation to the informents’ life and interviews with them regarding their reasons for migration and the form of social learning that arises from such migration. The selected informants are migrants from Talango Island and Ghili Genting who live in several big cities, such as Jakarta, Jogjakarta, Surabaya, and Malang. This study shows that pé-sapéyan pappa can change the Madurese migrants’ mindset, deepening their knowledge and experience in managing businesses to improve their quality of life according to shari'a guidelines. The Qur’an enjoins Muslims to seek a sustainable life to suport a better spiritual life. Most migrants established a small and medium entrepreneurship to generate more income. The tradition, which was originated from the migrants’ hometown, help create a model of social learning in the host city, from which the migrants learn how to deal with the new situation and settle challenges.