Induktivisme sebagai Basis Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Islam
Abstract
This paper analyses how inductive paradigm has been misperceived and mistreated by Muslims, and discusses the extent to which the inductive paradigm and the deductive one has long been competing to one another throughout the development of science in Islam. This paper argues that the backwardness of Muslim civilization is due to the fact that the inductive paradigm has long been neglected and has been misperceived by Muslim scientists as a Western type entity which should be deconstructed and, therefore, should be put aside. This attitude stems from the Muslims’ attitude towards the Qur’an and Hadith as direct sources of modern science, scientific corpuses from which modern theories of sciences emanate. In order to achieve an advancement of science, Muslims do not have any choice other than treating the inductive paradigm properly as an epistemological as well as methodological apparatus in developing sciences either natural sciences, social humanities and religious as well as Islamic studies.
Keywords:
induktif, deduktif, paradigma, sains, al-Qur’an, hadis
References
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Saliba, George. 2007. Islamic Science and the making of the European Renaissance. Cambridge & London: The MIT Press.
Sayli. 1998. The Observatory in Islam. Frankfurt: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University.
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Yahya, Harun. 2003. Why Darwinism is Incompatible with the Qur’an. Istanbul: Global Yayincilik.
Al-Andalusi, Sa’id. 1991. Science in the Medieval World: “Book of the Categories of Nations. Austin, Texas: The University of Texas Press.
Al-Jābirī, Muḥammad Ābīd. 1993. Bunyah al-’Aql al-’Arabī. Beirut: al-Markaz al-Thaqafi al-’Arabi.
An-Najjar, Zaghlul. 2011. Sains dalam Hadis: Mengungkap Fakta Ilmiah dari Kemukjizatan Hadis Nabi. Jakarta: Amzah.
Ayoub, Mahmoud M. 2005, “Creation or Evolution? The Reception of Darwinism in Modern Arab Thought”, dalam Zainal Abidin Bagir (ed.), Science and Religion in a post-Colonial World: Interfaith Perspectives. Adelaide: ATF Press: 173-190.
Berg, C.C. “The Islamization of Java,” Studia Islamica, vol. 4 (1955): 111-42.
Bucaille, Maurice. 1976. The Bible, the Qur’an and Science, terj. Alastair D. Pannel and penulisnya. Tripoli: Islamic Call Society.
Deravi, Farzin. 2006. “Scientific Method and the Quest for Objective Knowledge”, dalam Rais Ahmad, Islam and Scientific Debate: Searching for Legitimacy. New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House.
Dizer, Muammar. 2001. “Observatories and Astronomical Instruments,” dalam A.Y. al-Hassan (ed.), Science and Technology in Islam. Paris & Beirut: UNESCO Publishing.
Dreyer, John Luis Emil. 1953. History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler. New York: Dover Publications.
Edis, Taner. 2007. An Illusion of Harmony: Science and Religion in Islam. New York: Prometheus Books.
Endress, Gerhard. 2003. “Mathematics and Philosophy in Medieval Islam”, dalam Jan P. Hogendijk & Abdelhamid I. Sabra (eds.), The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Engel, Rafael J. & Russell K. Schutt. 2010. Fundamentals of Social Work Research. California & New Delhi: Sage Publication.
Al-Gazālī, Abū Ḥamid. 1987. Iḥya ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, jilid I. Bayrut: Dār al-Fikr.
Heit, Evan. 2007. “What Is Induction and Why Study It?”, dalam Aidan Feeney & Evan Heit (eds.), Inductive Reasoning: Experimental, Developmental and Computational Approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,.
http://www.harunyahya.com.
Iqbal, Sir Muhammad. 2013. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Lameer, Joep. 1994. Al-Farabi & Aristotelian Syllogistics: Greek Theory & Islamic Practice. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Moore, Rob. 2009. Towards the Sociology of Truth. London & New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Oaksford, Mike & Nick Chater. 2002. “Commonsense reasoning, Logic, and Human Rationality”, dalam Renѐe Elio (ed.). Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Qadir, C.A. 1988. Philosophy and Science in the Islamic World. London: Routledge.
Salam, Muhammad Abdus. 1994. Renaissance of Sciences in Islamic Countries. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Saliba, George. 2007. Islamic Science and the making of the European Renaissance. Cambridge & London: The MIT Press.
Sayli. 1998. The Observatory in Islam. Frankfurt: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University.
Scheibe, Erhard. 2001. Between Rationalism and Empiricism: Selected Papers in the Philosophy of Physics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Shavanas, T.O. 2005. Creation And/or Evolution: An Islamic Perspective. Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation.
____________. 2010. Islamic Theory of Evolution: The Missing Link between Darwin and the Origin of Species. London: Brainbow Press.
Stark, Werner. 1991. The Sociology of Knowledge: Toward a Deeper Understanding of the History of Ideas. New Jersey: Transaction Publications.
Suriasumantri, Jujun S. 2005. Filsafat Ilmu: Sebuah Pengantar Populer. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Thayyarah, Nadiah. 2013. Buku Pintar Sains dalam al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Zaman
van Bruinessen, Martin. 1995. Kitab Kuning: Pesantren dan Tarekat Tradisi-tradisi Islam di Indonesia. Bandung: Mizan, 23-24.
Waardenburg, Jacques. 2000. “Observations on the Scholarly Study of Religions as Pursued in some Muslim Countries”, dalam Armin W. Geertz & Russell T. McCutcheon (eds.), Perspectives on Method and Theory in the Study of Religion. Leiden: E.J. Brill : 91-109.
Walbridge, John. 2011. God and Logic in Islam: The Caliphate of Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Watson, Richard A. 1987. The Breakdown of Cartesian Metaphysics. Cambridge, MA: Hackett Publishing.
Wells, H.G. 1951. The Outline of History: Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind. New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company.
Yahya, Harun. 2003. Why Darwinism is Incompatible with the Qur’an. Istanbul: Global Yayincilik.
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Published
2017-11-08
How to Cite
Hilmy, M. (2017). Induktivisme sebagai Basis Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Islam. Ulumuna, 17(1), 97-126. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v17i1.173
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